9.2 Transport in angiospermophytes

9.2.1 Outline how the root system provides a large surface area for mineral ion and water uptake by means of branching and root hairs. (2) ~Louis

9.2.2 List ways in which mineral ions in the soil move to the root. (1) ~Louis

9.2.3 Explain the process of mineral ion absorption from the soil into roots by active transport. (3) ~Monica

9.2.4 State that terrestrial plants support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem. (1) ~Akira 

9.2.5 Define transpiration. (1) ~Akira 

9.2.6 Explain how water is carried by the transpiration stream, including the structure of xylem vessels, transpiration pull, cohesion, adhesion and evaporation. (3) ~Sunny

9.2.7 State that guard cells can regulate transpiration by opening and closing stomata. (1) ~Jennifer

9.2.8 State that the plant hormone abscisic acid causes the closing of stomata. (1) ~Jennifer

9.2.9 Explain how the abiotic factors light, temperature, wind and humidity, affect the rate of transpiration in a typical terrestrial plant. (3) ~Jinsu 

9.2.10 Outline four adaptations of xerophytes that help to reduce transpiration. (2) ~Jennifer

9.2.11 Outline the role of phloem in active translocation of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic tissue and storage organs) to sink (fruits, seeds, roots). (2) ~Jinsu 

Assessment questions

• Draw a labeled diagram of xylem and annotate your diagram to explain how fluid moves through xylem. Please use vocabulary as much as possible in your diagram and written answer.
•  Draw a labeled diagram of phloem and annotate your diagram to explain how fluid moves through phloem. Please use vocabulary as much as possible in your diagram and written answer.
• Draw a labeled diagram to explain how plants move water from outside the root into their xylem.  Include apoplast and symplast routes.
• Explain in detail the mechanisms of “push” and “pull” forces that move water against the pull of gravity from the roots up to the leaves
• Define transpiration and explain abiotic factors affecting the rate of transpiration
• Define “xerophyte” and describe xerophytic adaptations to affect transpiration rate.