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G-1-1 (redirected from g-1-1)

Page history last edited by Jay 13 years, 7 months ago

 

Back to G-1 table

 

Outline the factors that affect the distribution of plant species, including temperature, water, light, soil pH, salinity and mineral nutrients

 


Light

 

What is light? Why is it so important?

 

Light is significant because it is the "ultimate source of energy in ecosystems."

Plants are essentially on the bottom trophic level of the pyramid of energy

which means that they are mostly "autotrophs." In order for plants to grow, they need light to provide them with "autotrophic nutrition." 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First of all, this light affects the structure of plants and where they grow.

An example is in a forest.



A forest is stratified into different layers of plants:

the canopy above,

the shrub layer below,


the field layer (herbaceous plants) below that,

and finally, the ground layer (mosses.)


These different layers have different degrees of exposure to light, and each plant life has adapted to that light regime.

 

Secondly, the length of the days act as environmental clues to plants.



Many Plants work according to the the duration of illumination that is given to them.

Some, for example use the environmental clue as a trigger for inducing flowering of many plants.

 

Temperature

 

 

Most eukaryotic plants function within a temperature range of 0–50 °C.

Within this range, individual plants have an optimum temperature, with minimum and maximum temperatures they can tolerate.

A plant has to keep the temperature of its body relatively similar to that of its environment.

 

Temperature determines the rate of evaporation from plants (ensuring that the plant has enough water supply)



 

 

Water

 

 

The unique properties of water make life possible.

Plants grow more densely wherethere is abundant water

whereas plants grow sparsely where there is less water.

Most water that enters into plants are lost by evaporation.

Land plants in particular, have large external surfaces, which means they have more areas where evaporation may occur.

So land plants show certain adaptations that would reduce the loss of water as much as possible (ex.  waxy cuticles covering the surface of leaves and stems)

 

Soil pH

 

 

The pH of the soil affects the amount of ions from dead organic remains and waste matter in the soil.

Soils with a pH of 7 have a greater diversity of plants than those with pH levels near 4 or 9.

 

Salinity

 

 

Natural fresh water = salt concentration is low

Sea waters = salinity is relatively high

* However, salinity may change.

1) At high tides, salinity is close to that of the sea water that comes in. Once the tide turns, the salt concentration may change.

2) Salinity may exceed when high temperatures and winds cause evaporation. When there is a rainfall, the salinity will fall.

 

Plants that can survive in conditions of high salinity are halophytes.

They survive by having high levels of ions in their cells, resisting loss of water (osmosis.)

 

Mineral Nutrients

 



Why are mineral nutrients important?

There are essential elements for plants that are released by decay of dead organisms and their waste matter

The mineral salts (macronutrients) are needed for plant growth. (potassium, calcium, nitrate and phosphate.) 

macronutrients are absorbed and re-used by the plant.

but some are lost from time to time (leaching from the soils)

 

 

Image Sources

http://www.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://grow.ars-informatica.ca/images/umbrella_plants.jpg&imgrefurl=http://grow.ars-informatica.ca/plant.php%3FL%3D415%26nm%3DSchefflera%2520actinophylla&usg=__VXztBVnxXqvz2c-rHEpfK2bH82c=&h=450&w=600&sz=83&hl=ko&start=0&tbnid=V7dWTyU6n5O6UM:&tbnh=142&tbnw=178&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplants%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26newwindow%3D1%26rlz%3D1C1CHNV_koKR380KR380%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D707%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=520&ei=g9BnTLSdEovCsAPQ7Z3mBQ&oei=g9BnTLSdEovCsAPQ7Z3mBQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&tx=138&ty=94

 

 

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http://www.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nps.gov/slbe/planyourvisit/images/maple_beach_forest_556x400.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nps.gov/slbe/planyourvisit/psbeechmaple.htm&usg=__ofll5PhK8i0048ULz_dhrJfQP-I=&h=400&w=556&sz=148&hl=ko&start=0&tbnid=3SfFgiskPBEOkM:&tbnh=138&tbnw=192&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dforest%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26newwindow%3D1%26rlz%3D1C1CHNV_koKR380KR380%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D707%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=355&ei=ydBnTPX1Fou6sAPo3qDmBQ&oei=ydBnTPX1Fou6sAPo3qDmBQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=58&ty=52

 

 

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Comments (1)

Jay said

at 1:38 pm on Aug 24, 2010

Christine; this one is very challenging! You did a great job on "light;" thorough, multiple examples, clear images. For temperature you ahve a brief summary and one good example: affect of temperature on trasnpirationa rate in plants. Water has some good material (cuticle prevents loss; land plants lose a lot) however explain what plants need it for as well. The mineral content section is a bit thin... If you can add named examples into this wiki page (like what plants have large surface area and lose a lot of water? or what plants live in salt water?) and provide some specifics for the mineral section, that will move it into A range.